ABSTRACT
Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Baimai is a complex of structure and function with the characteristics of wide distribution, complex structure, and multi-dimensional functions. Baimai, consisting of the channels in brain, the internal hidden channels connecting the viscera, and the external channels linking the limbs, governs the sensory, motor, and information transmission functions of human. According to Tibetan medicine, Baimai functions via "Long"(Qi) which moves in Baimai. "Long" is rough, light, cold, tiny, hard, and dynamic. The dysfunction of Baimai is manifested as numbness, swelling and pain, stiffness, atrophy, contracture, disability, hyperactivity, etc. The clinical manifestations of Baimai disease are facial paralysis, limb numbness, hemiplegia, contracture and rigidity, pain, opistho-tonos, paralysis, unconsciousness, head tremor, aphasia and tongue stiffness, and other abnormalities in facial consciousness, limb movement, and tactile sensation. Baimai Ointment for external use is used for the treatment of Baimai disease. It is mainly composed of medicinals which are spicy and bitter, warm, soft, mild, heavy, moist, and stable, and thus it is effective for the rough, light, cold, tiny, hard, and dynamic "Long" of Baimai disease. In clinical practice, it is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, cervical spondylosis, low back pain, myofascitis, and tenosynovitis, nervous system diseases, such as paralysis and shoulder-hand syndrome, and limb stiffness caused by stroke, spastic cerebral palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and facial neuritis, and limb motor and sensory dysfunction caused by trauma. According to the main symptoms of Baimai disease such as stiffness, rigidity, contraction, numbness, sensory disturbance and pain, clinicians should apply the Baimai Ointment via the inunction treatment of Tibetan medicine and in combination with Huo'ermai therapy and physiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Edema , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , PainABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To e stablish the method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Tibetan medicine Siwei jianghuang prescription ，and to optimize its decoction technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. Using soaking time ，the amount of added water ，decoction time and decoction times as factors ，comprehensive score of the contents of 10 kinds of components and solid extracts rate as response values ，one the basis of single factor test ，Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize its decoction technology. RESULTS ：The linear range of gallic acid ，corilagin，magnoflorine， ellagic acid ， hydrochloric jatrorrhizine ， hydrochloride palmatine ， hydrochloride berberine ， bisdemethoxycurcumin， demethoxycurcumin and curcumin were 0.280 6-1.683 6，0.289 6-1.737 6，0.320 8-1.924 8，0.116 0-0.696 0，0.018 9-0.113 5， 0.013 3-0.079 9，0.092 3-0.553 8，0.025 5-0.153 0，0.036 1-0.216 3，0.041 0-0.245 7 µg（all r were 0.999 9），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.28，14.48，3.21，11.60，1.89，4.44，0.46，0.26，0.36，0.41 ng，respectively. The limits of detection were 0.11，4.14，1.24，3.32，0.58，1.33，0.13，0.09，0.14，0.12 ng，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％. The recoveries were 92.56％-103.69％（RSDs were 0.90％-3.81％，n＝6）. The optimal decoction technology included soaking 60 min，adding 8-fold（mL/g）water，decoction for twice ，lasting for 65 min each time. In 6 validation tests ，comprehensive scores were 3.323 2-3.422 4，and the absolute value of the relative error with the predicted value （3.437 4）was less than 2％.CONCLUSIONS：Established method is simple and repeatable ，and can be used for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Siwei jianghuang prescription. Optimized decoction technology is stable and feasible.
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Objective: To optimize purification process of total alkaloid extract of Berberis dictyophylla cortex by macroporous resin,and to establish its quality standard. Method: Acid dye colorimetry was used to investigate the purification process of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex,the process parameters included concentration of sample solution,speed of sampling,diameter-height ratio of resin column,water washing amount,concentration and dosage of eluent,flow rate of elution,etc.In order to determine the optimum process,HPLC was employed to determine the contents of four alkaloids(magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,and berberine hydrochloride) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for gradient elution and detection wavelength at 270 nm.After being purified,quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was investigated according to the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Result: Optimal purification conditions were as following:10 g of HPD100 macroporous adsorption resin with a column diameter-height ratio of 1:8,sampling solution concentration of 11 g·L-1,the loading flow rate of 1 mL·min-1,sampling solution volume of 50 mL,washed with 4 BV of water(1 BV=15 mL) and added 9 BV of 30% ethanol,after being purified,the transfer rate of total alkaloids was>80%,and its purity was>65%.The quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was established,there were 19 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram,and the overall similarity was>0.99. Conclusion: This optimized purification process is stable and feasible, and the established quality standard is controllable.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of berbamine hydrochloride on the absorption characteristics of berberine hydrochloride in different intestinal segments of rats in normal environment and high calcium environment. Method: Taking rat everted intestinal sac model,the content of berberine hydrochloride in absorbent solution of everted intestinal sac from different compatibility groups was determined by HPLC,and the uptake per unit area in different groups was analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Result: Compared with the normal J70 group(in normal environment,the concentration of berberine hydrochloride was 70 mg·L-1) at the same time point,the uptake per unit area of the normal J70+Ver100 group(in normal environment,the concentration of berberine hydrochloride was 70 mg·L-1,adding verapamil hydrochloride to a concentration of 100 mg·L-1) was significantly increased in the ileum(P-1,adding berbamine hydrochloride to a concentration of 35 mg·L-1) were significantly increased in the duodenum(P-1,adding berbamine hydrochloride to a concentration of 70 mg·L-1) were significantly increased in the ileum(PConclusion: Berbamine hydrochloride can promote the absorption of berberine hydrochloride in intestine to a certain extent,especially in the high calcium environment.
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Qumazi is a commonly used Tibetan medicine. With a long history, it can be found in the Four Medical Tantras written by gYu-thog rNying-ma Yon-tan mGon-po since the 8th century AD. Qumazi grows in mudflats and fields, including species growing in highlands, lowlands, mountains and farmlands. According to records in Crystal Beads Materia Medica, it features green sword-shaped leaves, thin stems with red veins, inserted panicles, white chicken-like flowers and copper needle row-like roots. However, there are many inconsistent morphological descriptions for Qumazi plants in many Chinese versions of Tibetan medicine books. In this article, after studying ancient and modern Tibetan medicine books, consulting experts and conducting surveys, the authors confirmed that Qumazi belongs to Rheum of Polygonaceae, including Rheum nobile Hook. f. et. Thoms, R. globulosum Gage, R. alexandrae Hook. f. et. Thoms, R. pumilum Maxim and R. delavayi Franch. In some regions, Qumazi is substituted by R. spiciforme Royle and R. przewalskyi Losinsk. After the Chinese version of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Drug Illustrations was published in 1972, Qumazi has been miswritten as P. sibiricum Laxm in many Chinese versions of Tibetan medicine books, perhaps because P. sibiricum Laxm has many similar features with Qumazi as described in Crystal Beads Materia Medica and then is mistranslated from Tibetan to Chinese versions. According to records, Qumazi can reduce edema and is mainly applied to treat the minamata disease in clinic.